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1. Предмет экологии. На современном этапе развития общества экология решает круг проблем и использует методы, материалы, принципы, далеко выходящие за рамки биологических наук. Ныне экология сформировалась в принципиально новую интегрированную дисциплину, объединяющую в себе все естественные, точные, гуманитарные и социальные науки. По словам проф. В.Алпатова, экологию ныне в равной мере можно отнести как к биологической, так и к географической области знаний, и ее следует рассматривать как целиком самостоятельную науку, так как проблема взаимодействия человеческого общества и природы приобрела черты фундаментальности, глобального значения. На долю экологии выпало разработать новые, научно обоснованные методы хозяйствования человека на Земле, исходящие из идеи сохранения биосферы планеты. Существует несколько определений современной экологии и несколько классификаций ее основных составляющих (разные авторы уделяют основное внимание общефилософским и культурным, социальным, эколого-экономическим аспектам или биоэкологической детализации). Итак, современная экология является одной из фундаментальных наук, своеобразной философией выживания человечества, стратегией преобразования цивилизации в 21 веке, которая должна отвечать современным реалиям во взаимоотношениях населения планеты и Природы, на базе взаимодействия и взаимопомощи всех наций в деле сохранения Биосферы и ее стабильного развития. Экология – наука о среде нашего обитания, ее живых и неживых компонентах, взаимодействии между этими компонентами – человеком, растительным и животным миром, литосферой, гидросферой и атмосферой. Это наука об особенностях взаимосвязей и согласования стратегий Природы и Человека, которая должна базироваться на идее самоограничения, разумной коэволюции техносферы и биосферы. Все решения, связанные с использованием природных или человеческих ресурсов, с вмешательством в процессы жизнедеятельности биосферы, должны приниматься с учетом их ближайших и отдаленных экологических последствий. Ныне сформировалось свыше 90 направлений экологических исследований. Которые можно объединить по принципам их отраслевой принадлежности, взаимосвязей, соподчиненности, приоритетности, теоретического общечеловеческого и практического значения (Білявський Г.О., Падун М.М., Фурдуй Р.С., 1995).
Тема 2: Основные экологические понятия и термины.
Тема 3: Учение В.И.Вернадского о биосфере. Биогеохимические циклы.
Тема 4: Основные законы экологии. Основы синэкологии.
5: Антропогенный фактор в биосфере. Основы социоэкологии. 6: Земельные ресурсы. Использование и загрязнение. Тема 7: Экологическая реконструкция. Рекультивация земель Тема 8: Загрязнение атмосферного воздуха и его последствия. Охрана атмосферы от загрязнения. Тема 9: Загрязнение водных ресурсов и его последствия. Охрана гидросферы от загрязнения
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